A Digital Burden: on ICT's carbon footprint and the urgency of salience

[1] Gartner Inc., ‘Green IT: The New Industry Shockwave’, presentation at Gartner Symposium/ ITXPO conference (Stamford, CT: Gartner, 2007).

[2] The Shift Project ‘Leaning ICT: Towards Digital Sobriety’ (Paris: The shift project, 2019). The Shift Project updated a set of data based on a methodology developed by Andrae and Elder in 2015; Anders S.G Andrae and Tomas Edler, ‘On Global Electricity Usage of Communication Technology: Trends to 2030’, Challenges, 6 (2015), 117 - 157.

[3] The Shift Project ‘Leaning ICT: Towards Digital Sobriety’ (Paris: The shift project, 2019).

[4] Ibid.

[5] Jens Malmodin and Dag Lundén, ‘The Energy and Carbon Footprint of the Global ICT and E&M Sectors 2010–2015’, Sustainability, 10 (2018), 2-31.

[6] The Shift Project ‘Leaning ICT: Towards Digital Sobriety’ (Paris: The shift project, 2019).

[7] Sam Naffzinger and Jonathan Koomey, ‘Energy Efficiency of Computing: What’s Next?’ Electronic Design, 28 November 2016,
<https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/microprocessors/article/21802037/energy-efficiency-of-computing-whats-next> [Accessed 12 July 2020].

[8] Christian Stoll, Lena Klaaßen, and Ulrich Gallersdörfer, ‘The Carbon Footprint of Bitcoin’, Joule, 7 (2019), 1-17.

[9] Emma Strubell, Ananya Ganesh, and Andrew McCallum, ‘Energy and Policy Consideration for Deep Learning’, NPL, Jun 2019, (2019).

[10] Telecommunication Development Bureau, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ‘Measuring Digital Development, Facts and figures’, ITU, 5 November 2019,
<https://www.itu.int/en/mediacentre/Documents/MediaRelations/ITU%20Facts%20and%20Figures%202019%20-%20Embargoed%205%20November%201200%20CET.pdf> [Accessed 28-12-2019].

[11] International Data Corporation (IDC), ‘The Digitization of the World From Edge to Core’, in IDC White Paper (Framingham, MA: IDC, 2020).

[12] Ibid.

[13] Peter Corcoran and Anders S.G. Andrae, ‘Emerging Trends in Electricity Consumption for Consumer ICT’, ResearchGate, Jun 2013,
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255923829_Emerging_Trends_in_Electricity_Consumption_for_Consumer_ICT> [Accessed 15-10-2019].

[14] Cisco Systems, Inc., ‘Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Trends, 2017–2022 White Paper’, Cisco White Papers, 27 February 2019,
<https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/ solutions/collateral/service-provider/global-cloud-index- gci/white-paper-c11-738085.html#_Toc503317524> [Accessed 09 November 2019].

[15] Ibid.

[16] Ibid.

[17] Mike Berners-Lee, How Bad Are Bananas? The carbon footprint of everything (Vancouver: Greystone Books, 2011), pp. xxii, 31.

[18] Julian Pscheid, ‘Does Irresponsible Web Development Contribute to Global Warming?’, Emerge, 09 May 2016,
<https://www.emergeinteractive.com/insights/detail/does-irresponsible-web-development-contribute-to-global-warming/> [Accessed 03 January 2020].

[19] JanineMorleya, KellyWiddicksb, and MikeHazasb, ‘Digitalisation, energy and data demand: The impact of Internet on overall and peak electricity consumption’, Energy Research & Social Science, 38 (2018), 128-137.

[20] Cass R. Sunstein and Richard H. Thaler, Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness (London: Penguin Books, 2008), pp. xv, 196.

[21] Yoram Chisik, ‘An Image of Electricity: Towards an Understanding of How People Perceive Electricity’ INTERACT 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 6949 (2011), 100-117.

[22] Bradley Dilger, ‘The Ideology of Ease’, Journal of Electronic Publishing, Vol. 6, Issue 1 (2000),
<https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jep/3336451.0006.104?view=text;rgn=main> [ Accessed 15 February 2020].

[23] Adam Greenfield, Radical Technologies: The Design of Everyday Life (London: Verso, 2018) pp. II, 42.

[24] Ibid.

[25] Cisco Systems, Inc., ‘Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Trends, 2017–2022 White Paper’, Cisco White Papers, 27 February 2019,
<https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/ solutions/collateral/service-provider/global-cloud-index- gci/white-paper-c11-738085.html#_Toc503317524> [Accessed 09 November 2019].

[26] Sean Cubitt, Finite Media: Environmental Implications of Digital Technologies (Durham: Duke University Press, 2017), pp. I, 24.

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